See krūdan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cruden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "crouden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "croden"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "crūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūde"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūie"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "krǖden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "krōden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kruden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*krūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kruie"
},
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "krui"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kruien"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "cruden"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*crūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kruden"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kroten"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kröten"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*krūtan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*krūdaną",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewt-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"root\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*krūdan\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nFrom Proto-Germanic *krūdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*krūdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to press, push"
],
"id": "en-krūdan-gmw-pro-verb-WzQU9Eon",
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krūdan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cruden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "crouden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "crood"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "croden"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "crūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūde"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "kröie"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "kruie"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "*krūie"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "krǖden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "krōden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kruden"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "kroden"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*krūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "kruie"
},
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "krui"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "kruien"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "cruden"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*crūdan"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kruden"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kroten"
},
{
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "kröten"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "*krūtan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*krūdaną",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*grewt-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"root\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krūdan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*krūdan\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *grewt-der.\nProto-Germanic *krūdaną\nProto-West Germanic *krūdan\nFrom Proto-Germanic *krūdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kraud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krudīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krūdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krodan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*krūdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Touch"
],
"glosses": [
"to press, push"
],
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"push",
"push"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "krūdan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krūdan meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.